The Cartesian Co-ordinate System was invented in the 17th century by a man called Rene Descartes. Rene revolutionized mathematics by providing the first systematic link between euclidean geometry and algebra.
When creating 2D work the computer only uses the X and Y axis but as soon as you turn it to a 3D shape it starts to also use the Z axis. All 3D modeling software operate on a the grid of coordinates made by the X,Y and Z axis.
Geometric theory is a way to model objects or characters in a game. To make any 3D shape you need to make a mesh. A mesh is made up of 2D shapes that are made up of vertices, edges and faces. A polygon is made when you connect two vertices together. When three vertices are connected it makes a triangle. You should only use three sided and four sided polygons when making a 3D model though because if you use bigger ones and you put your model in a game the lighting will mess up, although in some situations this is not the case.
Primitives
Primitives are the pre-made objects in a 3D modeling software that can be used to make models out of. A few examples of the shapes normally given to you are a cube, sphere, cones etc. These shapes are put in the software to be used as starting points for any model being made.
Surfaces
A surface is the outer layer of a mesh model. Once polygons are created they can be made into surfaces, so they can be colored and textured to look how you want them to.
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